Checkride Prep
The practical test is divided into two parts: the oral exam and the flight. Both are governed by the Airman Certification Standards (ACS). Know the standards — not just what to do, but why.
What You Can Fly After Your PPL
A Private Pilot Certificate (Helicopter) lets you act as PIC in any helicopter up to 12,500 lbs — except the Robinson R-22 and R-44, which are governed by SFAR No. 73.
- Yes, this includes twin turbines under 12,500 lbs
- R-22 / R-44 require SFAR 73 awareness training and endorsements (separate for each model)
- An SFAR 73 flight review in a Bell 206 does not count for the R-22 — that flight review must be in the same model
- If you have less than 200 hours in helicopters, R-22 / R-44 require a flight review every 12 calendar months covering: enhanced autorotation training, engine/rotor RPM control without governor, low rotor RPM recognition and recovery, and effects of low-G maneuvers
- SFAR 73 applies to PIC time only — dual instruction time accrues normally toward higher certificates
Required Documents — Day of Checkride
- Government-issued photo ID
- Original medical certificate (3rd class minimum)
- Original student pilot certificate (or combined with medical)
- Logbook showing all required endorsements from your CFI
- Completed FAA Form 8710-1 (IACRA application) — bring printed confirmation
- Written test results (within 24 months, passing score)
- Aircraft documents: ARROW (Airworthiness, Registration, Radio station license if required, Operating handbook/AFM, Weight & balance)
Oral Exam — Common Topics
The DPE will focus on areas you'll encounter as a new private pilot. Be prepared to explain the why, not just the what.
- Airspace requirements, VFR minimums for each class
- Aircraft systems — explain what each system does and what happens if it fails
- Cross-country planning: compute heading, groundspeed, fuel burn, ETAs
- Interpreting current METARs, TAFs, winds aloft, PIREPs, SIGMETs/AIRMETs
- Emergency procedures — walk through what you'd do for engine failure from altitude, from hover, tail rotor failure
- FAR Part 91 — currency requirements, pilot/aircraft required documents, right-of-way rules
- Density altitude and its effect on performance — calculate it for the day of your checkride
- Weight and balance — compute it for your checkride configuration
Flight Portion — ACS Tolerances
You will be evaluated to these standards. Train to exceed them so you have margin on test day.
- Hover: ±4 feet of reference point, ±10° heading, ±6 inches altitude
- Straight & level cruise: ±100 feet altitude, ±10° heading, ±10 KIAS airspeed
- Autorotation landing: Within 200 feet of selected point
- Traffic pattern: Proper altitudes, speeds, and procedures for the specific airport
- Emergency: Correct immediate action — the DPE grades your reflexes, not just the outcome
Special Emphasis Areas — DPE Focus
The ACS lists ten Special Emphasis Areas the examiner deliberately observes throughout every checkride. They aren't standalone tasks — they apply to every maneuver. Demonstrate them continuously.
- Positive aircraft control — fly the helicopter at all times
- Positive exchange of flight controls — three-call sequence, no ambiguity about who's flying
- Collision avoidance — clear before turns, scan continuously, follow up on traffic calls
- Wake turbulence avoidance — separation from heavy aircraft, especially on takeoff and landing
- Runway incursion avoidance — read back hold-short instructions, confirm clearances at every intersection
- Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) — situational awareness about terrain, especially in IMC or marginal VFR
- Wire strike avoidance — identify wires before low-level operations; don't trust GPS for them
- Aeronautical Decision Making and risk management — verbalize your reasoning; demonstrate PAVE / IMSAFE thinking
- Checklist usage — read the checklist, don't recite from memory; flow then verify
- Other areas appropriate to any phase of the practical test — DPE has wide discretion to add focus areas
Failing to demonstrate any of these can be cause for an unsatisfactory result — even if individual maneuvers are flown to ACS tolerances.
Pre-Solo Helicopter Training — § 61.87(f)
Before any solo flight, your CFI must train and endorse you on 17 specific maneuvers and procedures. These define the floor of solo competency.
- Proper flight preparation procedures (preflight planning, powerplant operation, aircraft systems)
- Taxiing or surface operations, including runups
- Takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind
- Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions
- Climbs and climbing turns
- Airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures
- Collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance
- Descents with and without turns
- Flight at various airspeeds
- Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions
- Ground reference maneuvers
- Approaches to the landing area
- Hovering and hovering turns
- Go-arounds
- Simulated emergency procedures, including autorotational descents with power recovery and power recovery to a hover
- Rapid decelerations
- Simulated one-engine-inoperative approaches and landings (multi-engine helicopters only)
The CFI's solo endorsement (§ 61.87(n)) for a specific make and model is valid for 90 days. After 90 days, re-endorsement is required.
What to Expect from Your DPE
- The DPE is not your enemy — they want you to pass. They will not try to trick you.
- If you don't know something during the oral, say "I don't know but I know where to find it" — then demonstrate. Don't guess.
- If you make a mistake in the air, acknowledge it and correct it. Trying to hide an error is worse than the error itself.
- Brief the DPE on what you're doing before maneuvers — this shows situational awareness
- Ask questions if you don't understand an instruction — sterile cockpit doesn't mean no communication
Day Before Checklist
- Check weather for the checkride — call it off if below your minimums. You can reschedule. Busting a checkride is worse than rescheduling it.
- Verify the aircraft is airworthy and all squawks are cleared
- Compute weight and balance and performance for expected conditions
- Brief your cross-country route — know your checkpoints, frequencies, and alternates
- Review all emergency procedures one more time
- Get proper rest. Fatigue is a real performance factor.